linux commands pdf (files & Directories, zip & unzip process, search etc)

Table of Contents

linux commands pdf

Unix/Linux Command Reference (also read mysql commands pdf

linux commands in pdf

Linux File Commands
1.	ls	Directory listing
2.	ls -al	Formatted listing with hidden files
3.	ls -lt	Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification
4.	cd dir	Change directory to dir
5.	cd	Change to home directory
6.	pwd	Show current working directory
7.	mkdir dir	Creating a directory dir
8.	cat >file	Places the standard input into the file
9.	more file	Output the contents of the file
10.	head file	Output the first 10 lines of the file
11.	tail file	Output the last 10 lines of the file
12.	tail -f file	Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with the last 10 lines
13.	touch file	Create or update file
14.	rm file	Deleting the file
15.	rm -r dir	Deleting the directory
16.	rm -f file	Force to remove the file
17.	rm -rf dir	Force to remove the directory dir
18.	cp file1 file2	Copy the contents of file1 to file2
19.	cp -r dir1 dir2	Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present
20.	mv file1 file2	Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing directory
21.	ln -s file link	Create symbolic link link to file
Linux Process management Commands
1.	ps	To display the currently working processes
2.	top	Display all running process

3.	kill pid	Kill the process with given pid
4.	killall proc	Kill all the process named proc
5.	pkill pattern	Will kill all processes matching the pattern
6.	bg	List stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped job in the background
7.	fg	Brings the most recent job to foreground
8.	fg n	Brings job n to the foreground
File permission
1.	chmod octal file	Change the permission of file to octal,which can be found separately for user,group,world by adding, 4-read(r) 2-write(w) 1-execute(x)
Searching
1.	grep pattern file	Search for pattern in file
2.	grep -r pattern dir	Search recursively for pattern in dir
3.	command \| grep pattern	Search pattern in the output of a command
4.	locate file	Find all instances of file
5.	find . -name filename	Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with filename
6.	pgrep pattern	Searches for all the named processes , that matches with the pattern and, by default, returns their ID
linux System Info commands
1.	date	Show the current date and time
2.	cal	Show this month’s calender
3.	uptime	Show current uptime
4.	w	Display who is on line
5.	whoami	Who you are logged in as

6.	finger user	Display information about user
7.	uname -a	Show kernel information
8.	cat /proc/cpuinfo	Cpu information
9.	cat proc/meminfo	Memory information
10.	man command	Show the manual for command
11.	df	Show the disk usage
12.	du	Show directory space usage
13.	free	Show memory and swap usage
14.	whereis app	Show possible locations of app
15.	which app	Show which applications will be run by default
linux zip & unzip Compression commands
1.	tar cf file.tar file	Create tar named file.tar containing file
2.	tar xf file.tar	Extract the files from file.tar
3.	tar czf file.tar.gz files	Create a tar with Gzip compression
4.	tar xzf file.tar.gz	Extract a tar using Gzip
5.	tar cjf file.tar.bz2	Create tar with Bzip2 compression
6.	tar xjf file.tar.bz2	Extract a tar using Bzip2
7.	gzip file	Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
8.	gzip -d file.gz	Decompresses file.gz back to file
linux Network commands
1.	ping host	Ping host and output results
2.	whois domain	Get whois information for domains
3.	dig domain	Get DNS information for domain
4.	dig -x host	Reverse lookup host
5.	wget file	Download file
6.	wget -c file	Continue a stopped download

linux Shortcut commands
1.	ctrl+c	Halts the current command
2.	ctrl+z	Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
3.	ctrl+d	Logout the current session, similar to exit
4.	ctrl+w	Erases one word in the current line
5.	ctrl+u	Erases the whole line
6.	ctrl+r	Type to bring up a recent command
7.	!!	Repeats the last command
8.	exit	Logout the current session

Linux Installation commands

Install from source:
./configure
make
make install
dpkg -i pkg.deb – install a package (Debian & ubuntu)
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm – install a package (RPM) (centos,fedora, redhat families)

Grep
lsof
IPtables & UFW
Editors Nano & vim cat editor
ZIp & tar
CP & Mv (Copying & Moving files creating & deleting directories)
mysqldump export & import commands
chmod & chown commands Linux PUTTY Commands

 for debian & ubuntu apt-get f remaining fedora,centos, redhat uses yum repository
Linux commands related Apcher server

service apache2 Restart  for apache 2.4

service apache2 Reload  (not restarts the server just reloads the configuration file)
apachectl configtest  (checks the syntax errors to avoid startup failure)

for old version of apache just replace httpd with apache2 or apache.
More commands on apache page. enable disable modules, vim editor & nano editor etc.

Login:

To change directories: cd /path/to/your/directory
To delete a file: rm filename
To delete a directory: rm -rf directoryname
To unzip a zip file: unzip filename
To unzip a tar.gz file: tar -xvzf filename
To zip a file: don't know - try "man zip"
To change up one directory: cd ..
two directories: cd ../..

For listing Folders....
use "ls" instead of "dir"

For Entering into Directory..
cd folder_name

For going back to root...
cd

for going back one step...
cd ..

To delete a whole folder and its content recursively, you can use:

rm -rf foldername/

To delete all files/folders in the current directory, without deleting the directory itself, you would need to use:

rm -rf *

Navigating directories
cd

…change directory, method used for moving from one folder to another.

cd foldername/foldername2

…would take you to foldername2.

cd ..

…moves up one directory.

cd /

…moves you to root.

pwd

…prints to console your present working directory – where you currently are.

List contents
ls

…list contents of current directory.

ls -l

…shows long format inc. group owner, size, date modified, permissions.

ls -a

…shows ALL files inc. hidden files.

ls -R

…lists contents of sub directories recursively.

ls -la

…the above options can be used at the same time.

ls foldername/foldername

…list items in folder without actually moving to it.

Creating files and directories/folders
touch file.html

…use the touch command to create files.

rm file.html

…use the rm command to remove a file.

mkdir myfolder

…use the mkdir command to create a new directory/folder.

rmdir myfolder

…use the rmdir command to remove a directory/folder, folder must be empty.

mv folder1/file.html folder2/file.html

…use the mv command to move a file. Can also be used to rename a file.

Compressing and backing up files and folders
zip -r foo.zip foo/

…compress the folder ‘foo’ and all of its contents into a zip file called ‘foo.zip’.

zip foo.zip foo.html

…compress the file’foo.html’ into a zip file called ‘foo.zip’.

File and directory/folder permissions and ownership
chmod 755 file.html

…changes the file.html file permissions, same for a folder.

chmod -r 755 myfolder

…changes permissions for that folder and all folders and files inside it recursively.

Here are the chmod octal numeric values

700: only owner can read
755: everyone can read but not write
775: only group can read and write
770: no-one but group can read
666: everyone can read and write
1777: everyone can read,write,execute

chown user:myself file.html

…changes the ownership of file.html to the user called ‘myself’.

check disk space linux

df
du disk used
df -h

Vim Editor commands

Exit :q

vi editor save and quit command

o get into it, press Esc and then : (the colon). The cursor will go to the bottom of the screen at a colon prompt. Write your file by entering: w and quit by entering, :q. You can combine these to save and exit by entering the command: wq

vim editor exit without saving

:q!

or crtc+c :q!

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/evasive.conf

CTRL+W to find, CTRL+X = exit with save type yes or no.

linux commands pdf

Linux File Commands

Linux Process management Commands

linux System Info commands

linux zip & unzip Compression commands

linux Network commands

linux Shortcut commands

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